Investigation of the differential rotation of the large-scale magnetic elements for the solar activity cycles 20 and 21

The differential rotation of the patterns of the large-scale solar magnetic field during solar activity cycles 20 and 21 is investigated. Compact magnetic elements with the polarity of the general solar magnetic field have larger speed of rotation than the elements with the opposite polarity. The surface of the Sun was divided by 10°-zones. In all of them the average rotation rate of the magnetic elements with negative polarity is little higher than that of the magnetic elements with positive polarity, except for 50°-zone of the south hemisphere and at the 10° latitude of the north hemisphere.

The rates of differential rotation for large-scale magnetic elements with negative and positive polarities have similar behavior for both cycles of the solar activity.

The rotation rate varies at polarity reversal of the circumpolar magnetic fields. For the cycle No 20 in 1969–1970 the threefold reversal took place in the northern hemisphere and variations of rotation rate can be noticed for magnetic elements both with positive and negative polarity for each 10°-zone in the same hemisphere.     

小型固定翼无人机集群综述和未来发展综述

围绕小型固定翼无人机集群这一难度高、发展快、应用前景广阔、多学科交叉的新方向,从集群系统内涵、现有典型项目、关键技术3个角度综述了国内外小型固定翼无人机集群的研究现状。在系统梳理集群系统内涵和应用优势的基础上,从集群协同模式探索、分布指挥体系构建、核心关键技术突破和集群验证等4个视角总结现有典型项目,从体系架构、通信组网、决策与规划、飞机平台、集群飞行、集群安全与集群指控等7个核心点综述了技术研究现状。最后,综合小型固定翼无人机集群中亟需解决的关键技术,展望了这一领域未来的发展趋势。     

Simulation Techniques for Cosmological Simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.     

基于DDPG算法的无人机集群追击任务

无人机的集群化应用技术是近年来的研究热点，随着无人机自主智能的不断提高，无人机集群技术必将成为未来无人机发展的主要趋势之一。针对无人机集群协同执行对敌方来袭目标的追击任务，构建了典型的任务场景，基于深度确定性策略梯度网络（DDPG）算法，设计了一种引导型回报函数有效解决了深度强化学习在长周期任务下的稀疏回报问题，通过引入基于滑动平均值的软更新策略减少了DDPG算法中Eval网络和Target网络在训练过程中的参数震荡，提高了算法的训练效率。仿真结果表明，训练完成后的无人机集群能够较好地执行对敌方来袭目标的追击任务，任务成功率达到95%。可以说无人机集群技术作为一种全新概念的作战模式在军事领域具有潜在的应用价值，人工智能算法在无人机集群的自主决策智能化发展方向上具有一定的应用前景。     

集主承力结构与大容量储箱支架于一体的卫星主承力筒结构研究

针对现代卫星结构的大型化、燃料储箱的大型化,提出了一种集主承力结构与大容量储箱支架一体化的卫星主承力筒结构形式,旨在降低卫星质心、提高基频;在满足储箱容积的前提下,又能满足主结构有效载荷往运载的力的传递作用．有限元数值计算表明,该结构形式能够满足卫星相关结构性能的要求,可以作为今后卫星结构设计的参考构型．     

Improving the process forming limit considering forming defects in the transitional region in local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web components

The isothermal local loading forming technology provides a feasible way to form Ti-alloy large-scale rib-web components in aerospace and aviation fields.However,the local load ing process forming limit is restricted by forming defects in the transitional region.In this work,the feasibility of controlling forming defects and improving the process forming limit by adjusting die parameters is explored through finite element (FE) simulation.It is found that the common cavum and folding defects in the transitional region are significantly influenced by the fillet radii of left rib and middle rib,respectively.The cavum and folding defects can be effectively controlled by increas ing the fillet radii of left rib and middle rib,respectively.The process forming limits considering forming defects in the transitional region are determined by the stepwise searching method under various die parameters.Moreover,the relationship between the process forming limit and die parameters is developed through the response surface methodology (RSM).The developed RSM models suggest that increasing the fillet radii of left and middle ribs is effective to improve the pro cess forming limit during local loading forming of rib-web components.The results will provide technical basis for the design of die parameters and the reduction amount,which is of great impor tance to control forming defects and improve the process forming limit in local loading forming of Ti-alloy large-scale rib-web components.     

Automated design architectures for co-orbiting spacecraft swarms for planetary moon mapping

This work describes the design and optimization of spacecraft swarm missions to meet spatial and temporal visual mapping requirements of missions to planetary moons, using resonant co-orbits. The algorithms described here are a part of Integrated Design Engineering and Automation of Swarms (IDEAS), a spacecraft swarm mission design software that automates the design trajectories, swarm, and spacecraft behaviors in the mission. In the current work, we focus on the swarm design and optimization features of IDEAS, while showing the interaction between the different design modules. In the design segment, we consider the coverage requirements of two general planetary moon mapping missions: global surface mapping and region of interest observation. The configuration of the swarm co-orbits for the two missions is described, where the participating spacecraft have resonant encounters with the moon on their orbital apoapsis. We relate the swarm design to trajectory design through the orbit insertion maneuver performed on the interplanetary trajectory using aero-braking. We then present algorithms to model visual coverage, and collision avoidance in the swarm. To demonstrate the interaction between different design modules, we relate the trajectory and swarm to spacecraft design through fuel mass, and mission cost estimations using preliminary models. In the optimization segment, we formulate the trajectory and swarm design optimizations for the two missions as Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems. In the current work, we use Genetic Algorithm as the primary optimization solver. However, we also use the Particle Swarm Optimizer to compare the optimizer performance. Finally, the algorithms described here are demonstrated through numerical case studies, where the two visual mapping missions are designed to explore the Martian moon Deimos.     

应用快速多分类SVM的航空发动机故障诊断方法

提出了一种新的快速多分类SVM算法,用于解决大样本情况下航空发动机的多类故障诊断问题。首先,选用层次支持向量机(H-SVM)来实现多类分类,用各类数据中心代表该类数据,通过自组织特征映射神经网络(SOFM)进行聚类,把类中心之间距离较近的数据归为同一个子类进行训练,得到H-SVM层次结构。其次,在训练H-SVM中的二元分类器时,应用相对边界向量(RBV)代替全部训练样本,在保持分类精度几乎不变的条件下大幅度减少了训练样本数,使训练时间明显缩短;同时,由于支持向量的数量减小,分类时间也相应缩短。在分类数据混迭较为严重的情况下,新算法先剔除混迭的异类数据,再计算RBV,并且把与计算的RBV距离小于一定数值的样本都选择来训练SVM,保证了RBV的合理性,防止了关键数据的丢失,有效提高了分类精度。针对一个航空涡喷发动机5类复合故障的分类进行了实例仿真,总的故障分类正确率达到91.2%,二元SVM的训练时间最多只有原来的16.20%;当训练样本总数达到7500的大规模情况下,根据本算法,约减后的样本数量只有原来的3.05%。仿真结果表明,提出的算法有效、可靠,容易实现。     

大尺寸精密测量技术及其应用

大尺寸精密测量技术应用问题是我国当前制造领域研究的热点问题.为了正确、高效应用大尺寸精密测量技术,首先对多种先进数字化测量系统进行分析对比,介绍了测量原理、特点及精度.其次,揭示了大尺寸精密测量与装配过程集成的内涵,以测量模型为核心实现多个环节的数据与过程集成.再次,提出了多数字化测量系统集成与数据融合基本架构,构建大尺寸数字化测量场.然后,给出了测量辅助装配中的核心算法及其与数据、过程间的关系,实现数据在装配过程中的传递.另外,为保证数字化检测技术应用,提出基于模型的检测规划与质量保证的基本架构.最后,研究了面向任务的测量不确定分析方案,总结不确定评估方法.